Marine aluminum alloys types、characteristics and uses

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Marine aluminum alloys can be divided into deformed aluminum alloys and cast aluminum alloys according to different manufacturing processes.

Types, characteristics, uses, etc. of marine aluminum alloys

Marine aluminum alloys can be divided into deformed aluminum alloys and cast aluminum alloys according to different manufacturing processes. Since marine aluminum alloys have special requirements for strength, corrosion resistance, weldability, etc., marine aluminum alloys are mostly aluminum-magnesium alloys, aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloys and aluminum-zinc-magnesium alloys. Among them, aluminum-magnesium alloys are the most widely used on ships. According to the company’s product production situation, the following mainly focuses on marine deformed aluminum alloys.

Marine Aluminum Alloys

Marine Aluminum Alloys

Characteristics, uses and chemical composition of marine aluminum alloys

Ship aluminum alloys can be divided into aluminum alloys for hull structure and aluminum alloys for outfitting according to their uses. The aluminum alloys used in the hull structure are mainly 5083, 5086 and 5456. Since 6000 series alloys will undergo intergranular corrosion in seawater, they are mainly used in the upper structure of ships. Outfitting aluminum alloys are mainly extruded profiles. The strength and process performance of 7000 series alloys after heat treatment are superior to those of 5000 series alloys. They have broad application prospects in shipbuilding and are mainly used in ship superstructures, such as extruded structures and armor plates. However, the disadvantage of 7000 alloy is its poor stress corrosion resistance, which limits the scope of use of this series of alloys.

Characteristics, uses and chemical composition of marine aluminum alloys

Category Alloy Temper Features Applications
For hull 5052 O/H14/H34 Medium strength, good corrosion resistance and formability, high fatigue strength Superstructure, auxiliary components, boat hull
5083 O/H32 Typical aluminum alloy for welding, the highest strength among non-heat-treatable alloys, good weldability, corrosion resistance and low temperature performance Main hull structure
5086 H32/H34 Weldability and corrosion resistance are the same as 5083, slightly lower strength and improved extrudability. Main hull structure (thin-walled wide extruded profiles)
5454 H32/H34 Strength is 22% higher than 5052, good corrosion resistance and weldability, general formability Hull structure, pressure vessels, pipelines, etc.
5456 O/H321 Similar to 5083, but slightly higher strength, stress corrosion sensitivity Hull and deck
6061 T4/T6 Corrosion-resistant alloy that can be strengthened by heat treatment, high strength, but low weld strength, mainly used for bolted and riveted structures that are not in contact with seawater. Superstructure, bulkhead structure, frame, etc.
Outfitting 1050

1200

H112/O/H12/H24 Low strength, good processability, weldability, corrosion resistance, and high surface treatment Interior decoration
3003

3203

H112/O/H12 10% higher strength than 1100, good formability, weldability, and corrosion resistance Interior decoration, top and side panels of LPG tanks

Types and examples of uses of marine aluminum alloys

Marine aluminum alloys can be divided into plates, profiles, tubes, bars, forgings, and castings according to product types. The company’s current aluminum alloy product types are mainly plates and strips.

Marine Aluminum Alloy Product Types

Category Alloy Product Type
Plate Profile Pipe Bar Forging Casting
Ship hull 5052
5083
5086
6061
6N01
Outfitting 1050
1200
3203 (3003)
6063

Note:

1. 5052 alloy is also used for outfitting, and the varieties include plates, tubes and rods.

2. 5083, 5086 and 6N01 alloys can produce wide thin-walled extruded profiles.

3. The thickness of the plate is determined by the hull structure, ship specifications and the use location. From the perspective of hull lightweighting, thin plates are generally used as much as possible, but the depth of plate corrosion during use should also be considered. The plates commonly used are thin plates above 1.6mm and thick plates above 30mm. In order to reduce welding, 2.0m wide aluminum plates are often used, and large ships use 2.5m wide aluminum plates. The length is generally 6m. Some special specifications of plates are also used according to the shipyard contract. For anti-skid, the deck uses patterned plates.

Marine Aluminum Alloys

Marine Aluminum Alloys

Examples of uses of marine aluminum alloys

Application Alloy Product Type
Side and bottom plating of ships; 5083,5086,5456,5052 Plates, profiles
Keels; 5083 Plate
Ribs; 5083 Profiles, plates
Ribs, bulkheads; 5083,6061 Plate
Engine pedestals; 5083 Plate
Decks; 5052,5083,5086,5456,5454,7039 Plate, profiles
Steering rooms; 5083,6N01,5052 Plate, profiles
Bulwarks; 5083 Plate, profiles
Chimneys; 5083,5052 Plate
Top and side plating of offshore vessels; 3003,3004,5052 Plate
Portholes; 5052,5083,6063,AC7A Profiles, castings
Gangways; 5052,5083,6063,6061 Profiles
Masts; 5052,5083,6063,6061 Tubes, rods, profiles
Structural materials of offshore vessels; 6063,6061,7003 Profiles
Engines and other ship parts; AC4A,AC4C,AC4CH,AC8A Castings

State of marine aluminum alloys

The state of aluminum alloys indicates the material processing method, internal structure and mechanical properties. Generally, engineers use materials in different states according to different uses. The 5000 series alloys used in hull structures use O and H states, and the 6000 series alloys use T state. The H state details of the 5000 series alloys and the state codes of the 6000 series alloys and AC series casting alloys listed in the Japanese JIS standard are shown in the following table.

Marine 5000 series alloy tempering state and description

Temper Definition and Content
H111

H112

H116

H14

H311

H32

H321

H323

H34

H343

After annealing, cold processing (rolling or straightening) is performed
The original state after extrusion or hot rolling, but there are requirements for the mechanical properties of the material, and mechanical properties experiments are required
Cold processing and low temperature annealing to improve the material’s resistance to exfoliation corrosion.
The tensile strength is between the O state and the H18 state (1/2 hard state)
H31 plus a small cold processing state
The tensile strength is between the O state and the H34 state (after cold processing, stabilization treatment is performed. 1/4 hard state)
H32 plus a small cold processing state
Special processing state, improved H32’s resistance to stress corrosion cracking (1/4 hard state)
Tensile strength is between the O state and the H38 state (after cold processing, stabilization treatment is performed. 1/2 hard state)
Special processing state, improved H34’s resistance to stress corrosion cracking (1/2 hard state)

Marine 6000 series alloy tempering state and description

Temper Definition and Content
T1

T4

T5

T6

T61

After high-temperature hot working and cooling, the natural aging state is suitable for hot extruded materials that are not cold worked, or products whose nominal mechanical properties are little affected by cold working such as straightening.
After solution treatment, the natural aging state. Applicable to products that are not cold worked after solution treatment, or products whose nominal mechanical properties are little affected by cold straightening.
After high-temperature hot working, the artificial aging state is suitable for products that are not cold worked after high-temperature forming. Or products whose nominal mechanical properties are little affected by straightening cold working.
After solution treatment, the artificial failure state. Applicable to products that are not cold worked after solution treatment, or products whose nominal mechanical properties are little affected by straightening and other operations.
Treated in hot water T6 treatment, suitable for castings.

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